
You’ve seen the word in print, and you’ve heard it in conversation or on TV and radio. “You’ve got to find your niche in life, kid”. “They built a nice little niche business over there”. “Lady Gaga has carved out her niche in the music industry by singing songs and selling records to Tea Party Christians”. (Probably false, this last, but it illustrates the term.) Chances are you’ve even heard niche pronounced at least two different ways.
What is a niche, anyway? And what should it mean to us, in life and in business?
Likely the first time and place we encountered a niche was in high school biology class. It pops up in the study of ecosystems – the way that various forms of life relate to and depend upon one another for survival in a particular environment. A niche (rhymes with “rich”, or, for the elitist, “neesh”) is really a position within a system, whether the system is a farm pond, an economy, or a national population. An early 20th-century scientist named Grinnell coined the word in his study of a bird called the California thrasher (the word niche is derived from the French nicher, which means “to nest”).
In business – as well as in our lives in general – most of us function best in a niche.
To establish and hold a niche is to act according to the natural order of life within the system. When an individual being (animal, plant, human) behaves and lives within its normal niche, it maximizes its chances for survival, and also perpetuates the system of which it’s an important part.
If I am a bullfrog at the farm pond, I live in an environment abundant with fresh (if stagnant) water, algae, aquatic plants, insects, maybe some snakes and turtles, and probably a fox or raccoon lurking not far away. My job is to swim the pond; to eat my fill of flies and mosquitoes and gnats; to find a lady frog and procreate some tadpoles; and, unless I really plan right for my retirement, to be chewed up and swallowed by a raccoon or other predator when I’m caught half asleep at the switch.
Should I decide to hop a hundred yards away from the pond to an oak tree and try eating acorns, I won’t last long. I, the bullfrog, have left my niche – behavior that is unnatural, and perilous to my survival.
We find our niches as people, too, within the confines of numerous kinds of systems – economic, social, spiritual, and many more. Given the enormous freedom and the myriad choices we enjoy, this can be a daunting task.
My two daughters are coming of age, and it’s part of my job as Dad to help them find their niches. Among the paths I won’t guide them toward are a career as a player in the NFL, say, or marriage to the chief of an aboriginal tribe in a malarial climate. They are very unlikely to thrive in either of those settings – they would be far removed from their niches.
The same goes for our efforts in business. The farm pond is vast, yet we’re able to navigate its geography and draw from its resources with astonishing speed and ease. The pond is teeming with opportunities for success and wealth, but the predators thrive, and they’re multiplying quickly, too.
You’ve heard the expression “niche business”. In truth, all business is niche business. Multi-national or local, unionized or sole-proprietor, publicly traded or non-profit, a business must find and maintain its position in the system(s) it works in – often a local economy, but increasingly, economies that are national or global in scope, or even in combinations of the three.
The bullfrog doesn’t forage for acorns, or harass the geese, or swim clear across the pond to hunt insects when there are plenty right where he is. And you don’t go to work at your business without some sense of where on this planet your customers might be; what kind of message you need to give those folks to entice them to consume your goods or services and become customers; and who will craft and communicate your message within the limits of your time and capital budgets.
It’s really the essence of a marketing plan: finding the niche for your business, doing the right things to survive there, and avoiding costly forays away from the niche, at the risk of being devoured.
So, take a look at the niche you’re in. It’s only natural, after all.